Informatics Publishing Limited

R. D. Dubey ¹, A. R. Ahmad ¹, S. Paroha ¹, P. K. Sahu ¹, S. Verma ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹, S. L. N. Prasad Reddy ², M. S. Qureshi ³

Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Samskruti College of Pharmacy, Kondapur, Ghatkesar, RR Dist., Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN
3 Anwarul Uloom College of Pharmacy, New Mallepally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Anticancer or antineoplastic drugs are used to treat malignancies. Drug therapy may be used alone or in combination with other treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy. The available anticancer drugs have distinct mechanisms of action which may vary in their effects on different types of normal and cancer cells. A single cure for cancer has proved elusive since there is not a single type of cancer but as many as 100 different types of cancer. In addition, there are very few demonstrable biochemical differences between cancerous cells and normal cells. For this reason the effectiveness of many anticancer drugs is limited by their toxicity to normal rapidly growing cells. A final problem is that cancerous cells which are initially suppressed by a specific drug may develop a resistance to that drug. For this reason cancer chemotherapy may consist of using several drugs in combination for varying lengths of time.

Keywords

Antineoplastic, Malignancies, Therapy, Toxicity.

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K. P. Vishwajith ¹, P. K. Sahu ¹, Md. Noman ¹, B. S. Dhekale ¹, L. Narasimhaiah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Ag. Statistics, BCKV, Mohanpur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Fluctuations of groundwater table (GWT) has great role in agriculture through assured supply of irrigation in industry and other fronts. As such, probability of possible GWT also plays an important role in terms of efficient usages of this valuable resource. An attempt has been made to find probability distributions taking seasonal (January, May, August and November for 2005 to 2013) information on GWT for the districts under five agro-climatic zones of West Bengal. The study reveals that 17 districts of West Bengal, India, can be categorised into 6 probability model groups: Weibul, Normal, Weibul (3P), Log Logistic (3P), Log Normal (3P) and Gamma (3P). These models can be used to ascertain the probability of occurrences of GWT in specific district. Cluster analysis, using GWT figures for various seasons over the period of study reveals that the districts could be grouped into four clusters, which in-turn may facilitate clusterwise strategy for restricting the depletion of GWT depth or maintenance of the same. These techniques can be used for intradistrict GWT analysis for efficient monitoring of GWT.

Keywords

Groundwater Table Depth, Water Resources, Probability Distribution, Clustering of Districts.

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K. K. Das , P. K. Sahu , N. K. Das ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Sericulture Research & Training Institute, Baharampur, West Bengal- 742 101, IN

Abstract

Constrained by limited resources, the sericulturists often fail to achieve the optimum level of income, mainly due to their inability in making judicious allocation of resources at their disposal. The study attempts to identify some of the major factors of production (both in mulberry cultivation and rearing of silk worm) in Murshidabad district of West Bengal. one of the three major sericultuyal distriels in the State. The significant inputs for different size groups (classified on the basis of total operational land holding) have been idemified The study idemifies that though organic manure, irrigation, labour (in cultivation of mulberry plant), purchase of Disease Free Layings (DFLs) and rearing appliances are the most common and significant factors of production in the district, judicious allocation of inputs is the need of the hour. Input use efficiency of the various factors of production has been judged with the help of Marginal Value Productivity(MVP) concept.

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R. D. Dubey ¹, A. R. Ahmad ¹, S. Paroha ², R. K. Gupta ³, P. K. Sahu ¹, S. Verma ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹, S. L. N. Prasad Reddy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technical Sciences, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IN
3 J. K. College of Pharmacy, Gatora, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IN
4 Samskruti College of Pharmacy, Kondapur, Ghatkesar, RR Dist, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique for the determination of the elemental composition of a sample or molecule. It is also used for elucidating the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides and other chemical compounds. The MS principle consists of ionizing chemical compounds to generate charged molecules or molecule fragments and measurement of their mass-to-charge ratios. There are different types of the Mass spectroscopy encluded in this review like AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry), Gas Chromatography-MS, Liquid Chromatography-MS, ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass spectrometry ), IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry), Ion Mobility Spectrometry-MS, MALDI-TOF, SELDITOF, Tandem MS, TIMS (Thermal Ionization-Mass Spectrometry), SSMS (Spark Source Mass Spectrometry). The application of Mass spectroscopy are Isotope ratio MS: isotope dating and tracking, trace gas analysis, atom probe, pharmacokinetics, protein characterization, space exploration, respired gas monitor. In this rewiew we try to describe the type, principle, methodology and application of Mass Spectroscopy.

Keywords

Mass Spectroscopy, Analytical Technique, Chemical Structure, Chromatography.

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R. D. Dubey ¹, S. Paroha ¹, V. K. Wani ¹, A. K. Pandey ¹, P. K. Sahu ¹, S. Verma ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492101, IN

Abstract

Aqueous extracts of bulb of Allium sativum and bark of Ficus religiosa were taken for anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworm Pheritima posthuma. Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of each extracts were studied in activity, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worm. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as a reference standard. Dose dependent activity was observed in both plant extracts but Allium sativum shows more activity as compared to Ficus religiosa. It was concluded that the studied plants had anthelmintic activity. Therefore, in vivo trials may be conducted for further evidence for their use in animals on scientific basis.

Keywords

Anthelmintic Activity, Pheritima posthuma, Aqueous Extracts, Allium sativum, Ficus religiosa.

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R. D. Dubey ¹, G. Chandraker ¹, P. K. Sahu ¹, S. Paroha ², D. K. Sahu ¹, S. Verma ¹, S. J. Daharwal ¹, S. L. N. Prasad Reddy ³

Affiliations
1 Institute of Pharmacy, RITEE, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technical Sciences, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, IN
3 Samskruti College of Pharmacy, Kondapur, Ghatkesar, RR Dist, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Drug design is an iterative process which begins with a compound that displays an interesting biological profile and ends with optimizing both the activity profile for the molecule and its chemical synthesis. The process is initiated when the chemist conceives a hypothesis which relates the chemical features of the molecule (or series of molecules) to the biological activity. Without a detailed understanding of the biochemical process which is not responsible for activity, the hypothesis generally is refined by examining structural similarities and differences for active and inactive molecules. Two distinct approaches are possible in the area of computer-aided drug design. First one is when the molecular structure of the target macromolecule is known the methods are obvious and direct and have achieved a high level of sophistication and second one is when the molecular structure of the target molecule is not known that is indirect drug design.

Keywords

Drug Design, Activity, Target, Biological Profile.

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S. K. Mishra ¹, G. M. Doshi ², P. K. Chaskar ², P. K. Sahu ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar- 751003, Odisha, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Mumbai- 400074, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia has a cited purification method (known as Shodhana) to remove the toxic substances from Semecarpus anacardium (SA). The present study is undertaken to evaluate the effect of shodhit (SM) and preshodhit (PSM) methanolic extracts for anticancer activity. HeLa cell lines were used. Cell viability test using trypan blue was performed. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay was done for cytotoxicity. Oxidative stress and Caspase 3 activities were investigated to know the mechanism. Oxidative stress included Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Oxygen Species (TBARS), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), GSH (Glutathione-SH) and protein carbonyl assay studies. MTT assay revealed maximum inhibition of 73% by PSM and 47% by SM. Cell viability showed living cells of 78% by PSM and 84% by SM. Shodhana significantly reduced the oxidative stress. Caspase 3 activity quantification revealed that there was no significant difference between SM and PSM extracts. Thus, Shodhana helps to decrease cytotoxic activity whereas anticancer activity remains unaltered.

Keywords

Semecarpus anacardium, TBARS, SOD, GSH, Shodhana, Caspase 3.

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